高地温条件下深埋隧洞围岩温度—应力分析及施工对策

以位于西昆仑山区的齐热哈塔尔水电站引水发电隧洞高地温洞段为例,初步分析了工程区隧洞高地温洞段大地热流背景及其形成机理,针对隧洞围岩的高地温分布特征,建立典型高地温洞段地质模型,利用有限元软件模拟隧洞施工贯通通水后的围岩岩体温度场,并由此来推断热应力对于围岩稳定性的影响。结果表明,围岩温度90℃以上、空气温度50℃以上的高地温洞段,内外温差大于10℃(里低外高),若采用无衬砌和一次支护方案对高地温洞段围岩进行支护,该洞段内大部分区域的最大主拉应力将超过C25混凝土的抗拉强度,易产生整体拉裂破坏;若采用钢筋混凝土衬砌结构方案,则可以通过增加衬砌结构的配筋量来降低其最大主应力值,此时隧洞围岩及衬砌结构均未出现整体拉裂破坏。研究成果能够为保证该高地温隧洞的安全运行提供可靠的设计依据。     

中国融合降水产品在太行山区的质量评估

山区地形复杂,气象站点稀少导致降水实测资料匮乏,卫星降水产品是实测资料的有效补充。以太行山区为研究区,采用国家气象站点观测降水为基准数据,通过连续评价指标(R、RMSE、RB)和分类统计指标(POD、FAR、CSI)对国家气象信息中心研制的中国区融合降水产品进行质量评估,并探讨海拔、坡度和坡向与产品表现的关系。结果表明:融合降水产品与地面实测数据之间有着良好的相关性(R>0.7),但相比原始产品相对偏差和均方根误差仍较大。在降水探测能力上,融合产品提升明显,全序列站点日降水命中率达到0.65,误报率为0.33,特别是对夏季降水的探测精度更高(POD=0.76,FAR=0.32,CSI=0.56)。海拔对融合前后的产品精度有显著(p<0.05)的影响,回归分析显示,在20°~30°的坡度范围存在产品表现的拐点,融合前后降水产品均在南坡表现较差。融合降水产品在经过地面观测数据的校正之后,降水产品精度和降水捕捉能力都有显著的提升,能够较为准确地反映太行山区的降水分布特征。     

祁连山北麓牧区植被生长季不同等级降水时空变化特征

以祁连山北麓肃南县牧区为研究区,选取周边7个气象站1961-2016年的日降水资料,采用气候倾向率、Hurst指数、Mann-Kendall检验和反距离加权插值等方法,对肃南县植被生长季降水的时空变化特征进行研究。结果表明:肃南县植被生长季降水量和降水强度距平百分率趋势显著增加,而降水日数增加趋势不显著;植被生长季降水量和降水强度在1998年发生显著突变,而降水日数无显著突变;植被生长季降水以小雨为主,中雨降水变异系数较大,但近年来趋于稳定上升状态;植被生长季降水日数和降水强度在空间上呈东南多西北少,小雨降水分布与其分布类似,而中雨强度呈南少北多的空间分布差异;小雨对肃南县植被生长季降水量贡献较大,但近年来中雨比小雨增加明显,降水时空分布呈不均衡发展趋势。     

复杂山地剩余静校正方法分析

剩余静校正的精度直接影响地震资料的信噪比和分辨率、速度分析质量,进而影响成像质量。复杂山地地震资料剩余静校正计算时经常会出现局部收敛不足或者收敛于局部极值(出现"周波跳跃"现象)。研究发现,当剩余静校正量超过有效波主频周期的二分之一且波形相似时,容易出现收敛于局部极值。在完成野外静校正的基础上做好资料准备和参数选择两方面工作可以消除收敛于局部极值,达到全局收敛。     

Review of the International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics (AROB)

In this article, we review the growth of AROB conferences, and assess the various contributions, which have covered digital life, the artificial brain, artificial society, and evolutionary robots, etc. We analyze the relations between artificial life, complexity, and intelligent robots, and finally give our view of the expected future of AROB. This work was presented in part at the 5th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 26–28, 2000     

东昆仑南部带磷灰石裂变径迹分析的地质意义

通过东昆仑南部带出露的上二叠统地层磷灰石裂变径迹分析,研究区内的构造演化特征。南北向剖面中4个砂岩样品的年龄为(48±3)—(89±8)Ma,径迹长度为(10.7±2.3)—(10.8±2.2)μm。裂变径迹年龄是区内逆冲演化的反映,长度分布体现了在退火带持续较长以及受隆升控制的特点。总体上具有3阶段热演化历史,约107Ma前后发生一次较为快速的冷却隆升作用,继之于约80Ma开始出现相对平静期,然后在6—12Ma进入快速冷却期,冷却速率为5.3—9.8℃/Ma或者106—196m/Ma。     

Genetic Variation of the Endangered Gentiana lutea L. var. aurantiaca (Gentianaceae) in Populations from the Northwest Iberian Peninsula

Gentiana lutea L. (G. lutea L.) is an endangered plant, patchily distributed along the mountains of Central and Southern Europe. In this study, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to investigate the genetic variation in this species within and among populations of G. lutea L. var. aurantiaca of the Cantabrian Mountains (Northwest Iberian Peninsula). Samples of G. lutea L. collected at different locations of the Pyrenees and samples of G. lutea L. subsp. vardjanii of the Dolomites Alps were also analyzed for comparison. Using nine ISSR primers, 106 bands were generated, and 89.6% of those were polymorphic. The populations from the Northwest Iberian Peninsula were clustered in three different groups, with a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances. Gentiana lutea L. var. aurantiaca showed 19.8% private loci and demonstrated a remarkable level of genetic variation, both among populations and within populations; those populations with the highest level of isolation show the lowest genetic variation within populations. The low number of individuals, as well as the observed genetic structure of the analyzed populations makes it necessary to protect them to ensure their survival before they are too small to persist naturally.     

Antoni Gaudí and Frei Otto: Essential Precursors to the Parametricism Manifesto

As Senior Architect to the Basilica of the Sagrada Família in Barcelona, Mark Burry has been ‘thinking parametrically’ for almost his entire career. Here he describes how his longstanding role overseeing the completion of Antoni Gaudí's masterpiece has afforded unique insights into the work of a great geometer and parametric thinker. Burry places the contribution of Gaudí alongside that of Frei Otto – the other eminent 20th-century Proto-Parametricist.     

No More Stopping

The dissolution of the conventional breaking points in the construction and completion phases of a building's delivery has blurred ‘the distinction between the production of design intent and the transmission of information’. Here Richard Garber , Director of the School of Architecture at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), advocates that architects should use this as an opportunity to widen their remit, gaining agency and with it responsibility and the financial rewards to practice. Here he draws from the examples of UNStudio, GLUCK+ and his own New-York based practice, GRO Architects.     

秦岭北麓沿线建筑风格探析——以西安院子为例

本文以秦岭北麓沿线为研究区位,以建筑风格为研究角度。在对秦岭北麓区位特殊性分析的基础上,探讨自然环境和建筑风格的关系,并从气候特征、地貌水系、文化影响三个方面探讨了秦岭北麓自然环境对其沿线建筑风格的影响,最后以西安院子作为案例,加以分析说明。希望在对秦岭北麓特殊区位下的建筑风格探讨的同时,达到建筑风格与环境和谐发展下的保护秦岭生态环境的目的。